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Used EV Battery Warranties: Model-Year Transfer and Capacity Coverage

Last verified October 28, 2026

Re-verification overdueThis guide remains available for context but is not presented as current until it is rechecked.

A used EV's battery warranty usually cannot be reduced to one 8 years / 100,000 miles number. The useful questions are whether the coverage follows the vehicle, when the original warranty clock started, how many miles remain, and whether the problem is a battery defect or capacity loss.123456

This is a deliberately bounded U.S. model-year/booklet-specific matrix, not a VIN-specific coverage determination. A missing model or field means not verified here yet, not no warranty. The 2024 Equinox EV row separates GM's model-specific battery term from its original dated 2024 Chevrolet EV booklet, whose applicability to any particular VIN must still be confirmed.78

Used-EV battery warranty matrix

EV / U.S. source scope Does factory battery coverage follow a used buyer? Battery defect term Capacity / degradation coverage When the clock starts Important used-buyer note
Tesla — current listed Model S / 3 / X / Y / Cybertruck support scope Yes, with Tesla ownership transfer. Tesla says the New Vehicle Limited Warranty follows the vehicle when ownership transfer is performed through Tesla.1 Current listed terms are 8 yr / 150,000 mi for Model S, Model X and Cybertruck; 8 yr / 100,000 mi for listed Model 3 RWD / Model Y RWD / Model Y AWD; and 8 yr / 120,000 mi for listed premium/performance Model 3/Y variants.1 Current listed battery terms include minimum 70% capacity retention during the applicable warranty period.1 Use the warranty supplied with the actual vehicle; Tesla says older purchases can have different terms.1 Tesla CPO vehicles keep the balance of the original Battery and Drive Unit Limited Warranty; CPO does not create a fresh battery-warranty clock.1
Hyundai — current U.S. subsequent-owner support + 2026 warranty handbook Hyundai's current warranty page lists the Hybrid/Electric Battery at 10 yr / 100,000 mi for subsequent owners as well as original owners.9 10 yr / 100,000 mi, whichever occurs first, under the reviewed 2026 direct-energy warranty scope.2 Hyundai's 2026 handbook says a repair/replacement under battery-capacity coverage will provide no less than 70% of original battery capacity.2 Original retail delivery or first use, whichever occurs first.2 Do not confuse Hyundai's separate original-owner powertrain restrictions with the EV-battery warranty.92
2025 Ford Mustang Mach-E / F-150 Lightning Yes for remaining coverage. Ford's MY2025 BEV guide says a buyer of a previously owned 2025-model electric vehicle is eligible for remaining warranty coverages.3 Electric Vehicle Component coverage: 8 yr / 100,000 mi.3 Ford treats passenger-vehicle capacity below 70% of beginning-of-life capacity during the 8 yr / 100,000 mi term as excessive loss.3 New-vehicle delivery or first put into service, whichever is earlier, subject to the booklet's California note.3 E-Transit cutaway/chassis-cab configurations in the same guide use a 65% threshold, so do not copy the passenger-vehicle 70% number across every Ford EV.3
2024 Nissan LEAF Generally yes. Nissan says the warranty applies to original and subsequent owners and is generally transferable without owner action, subject to its early-transfer/export exception.4 Lithium-ion battery: 96 mo / 100,000 mi.4 Capacity coverage applies if the battery falls below 9 of 12 capacity-gauge segments during the same 96-month/100,000-mile period; covered work returns it to at least nine segments.4 First retail delivery or first put into use, whichever is earlier.4 Nissan's segment trigger is not a percentage claim and should not be converted into one.4
Rivian R1T / R1S — guide effective Dec. 31, 2024, MY2022-2025 configurations Potentially. Rivian says the warranties may be transferable to subsequent lawful purchasers and tells a prospective buyer to determine whether coverage was voided.5 Varies by configuration, from 8 yr / 120,000 mi to 8 yr / 175,000 mi in the reviewed guide.5 Covered if the pack loses 30% or more of its normal minimum usable rated capacity within the applicable period.5 First retail delivery or first operation/lease/registration, whichever is earlier.5 In this edition, MY2022–24 Large Quad is 175k miles, Large Dual/Max 150k, and Standard/Standard+ 120k; MY2025 Large/Max is 150k and Standard 120k. Confirm the VIN's actual applicable booklet.5
2021 Volkswagen ID.4 Yes for this exact model-year scope. Volkswagen's 2021 U.S. source says the HV-battery warranty can be transferred to a subsequent owner for the remaining term.10 8 yr / 100,000 mi for defects in material/workmanship.10 Covers net-capacity loss below 70% during the term.10 Remaining original warranty term; the reviewed source does not create a new used-purchase clock.10 This remains useful for used MY2021 shoppers rather than being replaced by a current-model assumption.10
Volkswagen MY2025 ID.4 / ID. Buzz — U.S. electric-model warranty booklet Yes. The High-Voltage System Limited Warranty is automatically transferred without cost if ownership changes within the warranty period.6 The high-voltage battery has its own 8 yr / 100,000 mi term inside the reviewed High-Voltage System warranty section.6 Covers net-capacity loss below 70% and repairs needed to return net capacity to at least 70%; it does not promise restoration to 100%.6 Delivery to the original purchaser/lessee or first placement in service as a demonstrator/company car.6 This closes the prior current-VW transfer gap for the MY2025 U.S. booklet scope. VW's current 2026 ID.4 page independently continues the 8 yr / 100,000 mi and 70% battery terms.11
2024 Chevrolet Equinox EV — GM 2024 model statement + MY2024 Chevrolet EV booklet 17267650B Transfer is stated in the reviewed MY2024 booklet, conditional on its applicability to the VIN. The booklet says qualifying remaining battery coverage transfers to subsequent owners free and without a deductible.7 GM's 2024 Equinox EV announcement and MY2024 Chevrolet EV booklet each state 8 yr / 100,000 mi.78 Below 75% of original capacity under certified-dealer measurement is the reviewed booklet-edition criterion, not independently established for each individual Equinox VIN.7 First delivery/first use, not the used-purchase date, in that booklet.7 Verify actual VIN warranty expiration and applicable booklet; separately examine any optional paid contract.121314
Chevrolet EV — current U.S. public support; exact MY2026/2027 booklet not independently reproduced Chevrolet's current general warranty FAQ says still-active original factory coverage transfers. This is not a claim about a specific VIN or an uninspected model-year booklet.12 Current Chevrolet EV ownership guidance lists 8 yr / 100,000 mi for covered electric-propulsion components including the HV battery; individual exclusions and starting dates require the applicable warranty booklet.15 Chevrolet's current battery-support guidance describes dealer-certified capacity below 75% of original value during the applicable period, with an age/mileage-appropriate remedy; exact VIN applicability is not decided by this webpage.16 Chevrolet's public ownership page starts its separately described basic warranty at first delivery; ask Chevrolet to confirm the HV-battery term's original VIN start date from the controlling booklet.1513 The previously indexed 2026 B and 2027 A first-party EV warranty PDFs were not fetchable on October 28. Do not substitute search snippets for their full contractual exclusions or infer any 2027-specific provision. Confirm the vehicle's actual book and warranty tracker.1213

Used MY2024 Equinox EV: compare remaining factory coverage with the dealer's optional plan

Start with the factory battery warranty, not the sales pitch. GM's May 14, 2024 Equinox EV announcement states an 8-year/100,000-mile battery limited warranty. The original July 26, 2023-edition 2024 Chevrolet EV warranty booklet (publication 17267650B) provides transfer, first-in-service and certified-dealer capacity conditions.78 The checked public sources do not prove that booklet edition governs every Equinox EV VIN. A specific vehicle's controlling warranty document and manufacturer warranty record determine what remains.

Layer of coverage Checked source-backed terms Check before buying
Original factory traction-battery warranty GM's 2024 model announcement promises 8 yr / 100,000 mi. The reviewed 2024 EV booklet says its propulsion battery pack/internal components coverage transfers to subsequent owners at no cost, without a deductible, within the original term.78 Exact VIN-specific expiry date/mileage, original first-in-service date, applicable booklet, component exclusions, current odometer.1213
Battery degradation That 2024 booklet calls for certified-dealer determination of capacity below 75% of original during the term, with a GM-selected age/mileage-appropriate remedy.7 Verify the VIN's actual booklet. An estimated displayed range is not the booklet's dealer capacity test.
Original factory basic warranty The reviewed 2024 EV booklet separately lists 3 yr / 36,000 mi from original delivery/first use, not the used-purchase date.7 Whether the shorter basic warranty expired; that alone does not establish battery coverage expired.
Separately purchased Chevrolet EV Protection Chevrolet markets an optional paid vehicle-service contract, with choice-dependent conditions. Its official sample agreement records VIN, original in-service date, selected term/wrap coverage, price, deductible, and conditional waiting-period language.141718 The actual offered written contract: administrator, covered parts, exclusions, overlap with factory warranty, deductible, term start, waiting period, cancellation, price. A sample is not an individual agreement.
Other dealer plan, CPO and recall An unidentified finance-office plan may be a third-party product; active factory warranty, purchased service contract, CPO warranty and GM recall repairs are not interchangeable.12 Named plan provider and signed terms, actual CPO status and VIN-specific recall status. No assumed new eight-year clock or unlimited repair coverage.

Buyer checklist: Request the seller/dealer's official VIN-linked Warranty Tracker expiration dates and mileages, original in-service date and applicable warranty booklet. Separately request the full actual offered contract, including its price, covered components, exceptions, deductible, term start, waiting period, cancellation terms and administrator. Chevrolet describes the signed-in owner's vehicle-specific lookup in its Warranty Tracker help.1213141718 Owner forum quotations can signal a useful question; they do not prove a dealer's terms, intent, actual coverage or battery failure.

For factory protection of components other than the traction battery, consult the separate whole-vehicle EV warranty coverage guide.

The original in-service date matters more than your used-purchase date

Ford, Hyundai, Nissan, Rivian and Volkswagen MY2025 tie the covered periods to original delivery/first use, not the date a later buyer acquires the vehicle.23456 Chevrolet's current basic-warranty FAQ also starts that separate coverage at first delivery; an individual Chevrolet high-voltage-battery term must be confirmed against its applicable booklet and VIN record.1513

That means a five-year-old EV with low mileage does not automatically have eight fresh years of battery coverage when it changes hands.

Tesla makes the same practical point another way: its live warranty page says the exact warranty supplied with the vehicle controls and that vehicles purchased under earlier warranty versions remain subject to those terms.1

Defect coverage and degradation coverage are different questions

A traction battery can age without having a manufacturing defect. The OEMs in this matrix do not use one universal degradation test.

  • Tesla currently states a minimum 70% capacity-retention promise within the applicable battery/drive-unit term.1
  • Hyundai says a capacity-related repair/replacement under the reviewed 2026 scope will provide no less than 70% of original capacity.2
  • Ford uses beginning-of-life capacity and a 70% passenger-vehicle threshold in the reviewed MY2025 guide.3
  • Nissan's 2024 LEAF uses the vehicle's 12-segment capacity gauge and triggers coverage below nine segments.4
  • Rivian uses a 30%-or-greater loss of normal minimum usable rated capacity.5
  • Volkswagen uses net capacity below 70% in the reviewed MY2021 and MY2025 scopes.106
  • Chevrolet currently uses below 75% of original value during the warranty period, with a certified dealer making the determination.16

Those are not interchangeable methods. A dashboard range estimate, third-party state-of-health result or informal before/after range comparison does not by itself establish that an OEM's warranty threshold has been met.

CPO coverage does not automatically reset the battery clock

Tesla is explicit that a Tesla Certified Pre-Owned vehicle receives the balance of the original Battery and Drive Unit Limited Warranty.1

Volkswagen's current U.S. CPO page now explicitly divides terms by purchase date: for eligible MY2020-and-newer CPO vehicles purchased on or after April 1, 2026, the additional CPO limited warranty is 2 years / 24,000 miles, starting when the new-vehicle limited warranty expires or on the CPO sale date, whichever is later; the page separately describes an 8-year / 100,000-mile high-voltage-battery warranty with at least 70% net capacity.19 Those are two different warranties. VW lists different CPO contract periods for purchases before April 1, 2026. Nothing on the checked CPO page establishes that a CPO purchase restarts the original high-voltage-battery clock.19

Treat CPO warranty and remaining factory battery warranty as separate fields unless the controlling OEM document explicitly combines them.

Before buying a used EV, verify these five things

  1. VIN and exact model year/configuration. Rivian's original December 2024 booklet was directly re-opened October 28; its pack/model-year mileage differences require exact vehicle configuration and controlling VIN booklet confirmation.5
  2. Original warranty/in-service start date. Do not count from your planned used-purchase date; obtain the controlling manufacturer record for the actual vehicle.2345613
  3. Current odometer mileage. Time and mileage limits generally use whichever occurs first.
  4. Ownership-transfer status or registration step. Tesla requires ownership transfer through Tesla for the warranty to follow the vehicle; Volkswagen's MY2025 booklet instead says its High-Voltage System warranty transfers automatically without cost.16
  5. Which problem you are trying to cover. A battery defect and battery-capacity degradation can have different tests and remedies.

For the separate question of battery health before purchase, see ATC's AVILOO battery-health report coverage. A health test and a warranty-eligibility determination are not the same thing.

What is still not verified

This matrix does not fill unsupported fields from generic secondary warranty tables. The September 25 full-source deadline had passed. October 28 original-source recovery now reproduces the Rivian December 2024 warranty PDF and Volkswagen's original March 2021 ID.4 release PDF; Kia's current official warranty page supports its narrow advertised headline only. Together with the earlier same-day original-OEM audit, the included, explicitly model-year/source-scoped claims have been rechecked. The exact Chevrolet MY2026/MY2027 original EV booklets remain unavailable and their fine-print contractual provisions are excluded, not assumed.

  • Exact 2024 Equinox VIN-to-booklet edition: GM's original 2024 Chevrolet EV booklet and May 2024 Equinox model statement were checked, but they do not establish that every Equinox VIN is governed by edition 17267650B. The transfer and 75%-capacity findings are booklet-scoped pending the car's applicable warranty document and VIN record.7813

  • Kia current U.S. transfer/degradation chain: Kia's current U.S. official warranty page separately advertises 10-year/100,000-mile EV System Warranty and EV Battery Coverage and describes general battery-capacity protection, but the overview does not establish the specific EV6/EV9 model-year booklet, subsequent-owner transfer rule or capacity-test method for this matrix.20 Older Soul EV booklets are historical evidence, not a safe proxy for current EV6/EV9 coverage. This remains not established, not non-transferable.

  • Cadillac / other GM-brand current EV transfer rows: this update verifies a bounded Chevrolet state; it does not silently convert Chevrolet wording into a universal all-GM rule.

  • Other Tesla model years: Tesla says the vehicle-specific warranty supplied with the car is authoritative and earlier purchases can have different terms.1

Source-availability note for Chevrolet model-year booklets

On October 28, 2026, attempts to retrieve the previously indexed 2026 Chevrolet EV booklet (part 19680712B, December 2025 filename), an earlier separately indexed 19680712A March 2025 edition, and the 2027 Chevrolet EV booklet (part 20551651A, February 2026 filename) each returned 404 from the checked GM content-delivery URLs. Search-engine snippets of these PDFs do not substitute for inspection of a complete current original. The separate current Chevrolet EV ownership page, battery guidance and owner warranty FAQ remain accessible and support the narrower generic statements above.151612

This guide therefore does not assert edition-specific MY2026/MY2027 Chevrolet transfer, capacity-testing, start-clock or exclusion language based on unavailable original PDF text. The MY2024 Equinox comparison remains qualified to booklet 17267650B and the separate dated Equinox announcement; a buyer still needs the actual VIN's controlling booklet and warranty record.7813

Update policy

This is a frequently rechecked living reference. Reverify a row when an OEM publishes a new model-year warranty booklet, changes transfer language, changes a degradation threshold, revises a CPO program, or publishes separate replacement-battery terms.

The September 25 all-source review was overdue; October 28, 2026 rechecks covered all affirmative claims that remain in this source-edition-scoped matrix, including direct original Rivian 2024 and VW 2021 PDFs and Kia's narrower current official warranty page. The exact Chevrolet MY2026/MY2027 warranty booklets are still not retrievable; their edition-specific claims were excluded and a VIN's governing document is not presumed. The next forced review is November 4, 2026, or sooner if OEM terms, CPO policy, source accessibility, or a claimed capacity remedy changes. Source-scope verification is not proof of any particular VIN's eligibility.

This guide summarizes published manufacturer limited-warranty terms. It is not legal advice or a VIN-specific coverage determination. Actual coverage can depend on the vehicle's exact warranty revision, original in-service date, mileage, title/registration status, exclusions, prior repairs and whether coverage has been voided.

For maintenance obligations that can affect ownership and warranty disputes, see the EV maintenance schedule matrix.

The 2026 Volkswagen ID.4 product page is also a source for its current advertised battery term, not by itself for ownership transfer.11

Sources

Footnotes

  1. Tesla — Vehicle Warranty, current U.S. support page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes current listed battery/drive-unit terms, minimum 70% capacity retention, ownership-transfer requirement, CPO balance of original coverage and the vehicle-specific-warranty caveat. https://www.tesla.com/support/vehicle-warranty ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11

  2. Hyundai Motor America — 2026 Owner's Handbook & Warranty Information, original OEM U.S. warranty PDF rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes the 10-year/100,000-mile direct-energy warranty period from original delivery/first use, battery-capacity repair/replacement no lower than 70% of original capacity, and the second/subsequent-owner information-change process. https://www.hyundaiusa.com/content/dam/hyundai/us/com/pdf/assurance/2026_owners_handbook_warranty.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  3. Ford Motor Company — 2025 Model Year Battery Electric Vehicle Warranty Guide, March 2025 Second Printing, rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes remaining coverage for a previously owned MY2025 BEV, warranty-start rule, 8-year/100,000-mile Electric Vehicle Component coverage, and 70% passenger-vehicle / 65% cutaway-or-chassis-cab excessive-capacity thresholds. https://www.fordservicecontent.com/Ford_Content/Catalog/owner_information/25MYUS_Ford_MACHE_WTY_V2.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  4. Nissan North America — 2024 Nissan LEAF Warranty Information Booklet, rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes original/subsequent-owner applicability, transfer rule and exception, original-start rule, 96-month/100,000-mile battery defect coverage, and capacity coverage below nine of 12 gauge segments. https://www.nissanusa.com/content/dam/Nissan/us/manuals-and-guides/leaf/2024/2024-nissan-leaf-warranty-booklet.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  5. Rivian — R1T + R1S New Vehicle Limited Warranty Guide, effective Dec. 31, 2024; original 24-page manufacturer PDF directly reopened and printed pp. 13–15 visually checked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes conditional transfer, original clock, MY2022–24 Large Quad 8 yr/175k, Large Dual/Max 8 yr/150k, Standard/Standard+ 8 yr/120k; MY2025 Large/Max 8 yr/150k and Standard 8 yr/120k; 30%-or-greater loss of normal minimum usable rated capacity. Edition- and VIN-scoped. https://assets.rivian.com/2md5qhoeajym/4Gu8v9hXmik94CHAKis9mG/c6008f410cac191abd746bd60274bb22/r1t_r1s-new-vehicle-limited-warranty-guide-us-en-us-20241231.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  6. Volkswagen Group of America — USA Warranty and Maintenance, Electric models, Model year 2025, part 25VWELEWMUSEN, rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes MY2025 ID.4/ID. Buzz applicability, original in-service clock, high-voltage-battery 8-year/100,000-mile term, net-capacity loss below 70%, repair to at least 70%, and automatic no-cost transfer of the High-Voltage System Limited Warranty when ownership changes within the warranty period. https://ownersliterature.vw.com/owners-literature-service/v1/document/511662d8-903a-4c14-9434-0958f5f3a036 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  7. GM — 2024 Chevrolet Electric Vehicle Limited Warranty and Owner Assistance, part 17267650B, July 26, 2023 edition. Original PDF printed pp. 4–5 text and rendered pages inspected Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes that edition's subsequent-owner battery transfer without fee/deductible, original clock, 3/36 basic, 8/100 battery and certified-dealer below-75% capacity remedy. Exact Equinox VIN edition not independently resolved. https://contentdelivery.ext.gm.com/bypass/gma-content-api/resources/sites/GMA/content/staging/MANUALS/8000/MA8815/en_US/6.0/24_CHEV_Electric_Vehicle_WM_en_US_U_17267650B_2023JUL26_2P.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11

  8. GM — Chevrolet Equinox EV, first-party original May 14, 2024 model announcement, rechecked Oct. 28, 2026; model-specific 8-year/100,000-mile battery limited warranty, not individual VIN transfer/threshold. https://news.gm.com/home.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2024/may/0514-equinoxev.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  9. Hyundai Motor America — Hyundai Warranty Vehicle, current U.S. support page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes the live table listing Hybrid/Electric Battery coverage at 10 years/100,000 miles for both original and subsequent owners. https://service.hyundaiusa.com/en/warranty.html ↩ ↩2

  10. Volkswagen of America — 2021 ID.4 Original Release, manufacturer publication dated March 1, 2021; original 21-page PDF printed p. 17 visually checked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes MY2021 8-year/100,000-mile HV-battery warranty, net capacity below 70%, and transfer to a subsequent owner for the original remaining term. Actual vehicle booklet/VIN controls coverage details. https://media.vw.com/assets/documents/original/13020-2021ID4ReleaseFINAL.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  11. Volkswagen of America — 2026 ID.4, current U.S. product page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes current 8-year/100,000-mile HV-battery coverage and at least 70% net capacity. https://www.vw.com/en/models/id-4.html ↩ ↩2

  12. Chevrolet — Owners Warranty FAQ, current U.S. manufacturer FAQ observed Oct. 28, 2026. Remaining factory warranties transfer; optional contracts/CPO and recall work are distinct; actual warranty manual controls. https://www.chevrolet.com/owners/warranty ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  13. Chevrolet — Warranty Tracker, signed-in vehicle-specific expiry date and mileage instructions observed Oct. 28, 2026, not an unauthenticated VIN lookup. https://www.chevrolet.com/support/account/warranty ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  14. Chevrolet — EV Protection Plan, current manufacturer elective-plan overview observed Oct. 28, 2026; selected terms/deductibles and eligibility differ from an actual offered contract. https://www.chevrolet.com/protection-plans/ev-protection ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  15. Chevrolet — Electric Vehicle Ownership, current U.S. page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes current Chevrolet EV 8-year/100,000-mile battery limited-warranty headline. https://www.chevrolet.com/electric/ownership ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  16. Chevrolet — EV Battery Maintenance, current U.S. support page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Establishes repair/replacement below 75% of original capacity during the warranty period, certified-dealer determination and an age/mileage-appropriate battery remedy. https://www.chevrolet.com/support/vehicle/ev-charging/battery/battery-maintenance ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  17. Chevrolet — Protection Plans FAQ, current official contract/coverage overview observed Oct. 28, 2026; not a substitute for purchased plan terms. https://www.chevrolet.com/protection-plans/faq ↩ ↩2

  18. Chevrolet — EV Protection service contract sample CHEVSC 10/23, manufacturer-hosted sample National with Iowa; original PDF first page visually checked Oct. 28, 2026 for VIN/in-service, term, wrap option, retail price/deductible and waiting-period fields. Not evidence of any specific seller's service contract. https://www.chevrolet.com/content/dam/chevrolet/na/us/english/index/owners/protection/overview/ev-protection/01-visid-images/CHEVSC_251023%20National%20with%20Iowa.pdf ↩ ↩2

  19. Volkswagen of America — Certified Pre-Owned Benefits, current U.S. CPO page rechecked Oct. 28, 2026. Separates pre-April-1-2026 from on/after-April-1-2026 qualifying CPO coverage (newer MY2020+ 2-year/24,000-mile CPO), and establishes and separately describes EV high-voltage-battery 8-year/100,000-mile / 70% capacity coverage; does not establish a restarted battery clock. https://www.vw.com/en/owners-and-services/ownership-benefits/certified-pre-owned-benefits.html ↩ ↩2

  20. Kia America — Warranty, original current U.S. manufacturer page directly read Oct. 28, 2026; separate EV System Warranty and EV Battery Coverage headings advertise 10 years/100,000 miles. The page generally describes battery capacity coverage below 70% of original capacity, but does not establish a particular model-year's transfer rule, test procedure, exclusions or VIN eligibility; consult the governing booklet. https://www.kia.com/us/en/warranty ↩

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